Journals Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Journals - Coursework Example ould consider transferring part of share premium to profits for the company to comply with the law and be able to utilize the available finances to pay dividends and as such be able to acquire further finances from shareholders. Lack of debentures and loan notes means that the company is entirely financed through share capital. Gearing ratio= (Long term debt short term debt+ bank overdrafts / shareholders equity). A high gearing ratio means the company is mainly financed through debt capital. However, low gearing ratio indicates that a company is financed mostly by share capital. The problem of financing a company mostly by share capital is that in the event of poor performance whereby a company continuously makes losses, the shareholder may decline to commit their monies further in such a business (Ariff and Hassan, 2008). Nevertheless, the company can acquire finances from other providers of capital if it has a mixed debt structure. Profitability ratios determine the ability of a business to generate profits after netting all the expenses incurred during the year. A high ratio is indicative of good performance whereas lower rate shows the business is performing poorly. These ratios include: Gross profit is difference obtained between sales turnover and cost of goods or services. The higher the gross margin, the more profit a company charges for its goods. The ratio of 0.31 is quite small in relation to sales made. This means the company is charging very low margins. This ratio captures gives the figure of how much a company makes or loses from its sales. Primarily, it indicates company’s level of performance as it accounts other components of operating income other than cost of sales. The ratio of 0.09 indicates the profits are relatively low compared to sales made. This ratio is also commonly known as quick ratio. It measures the current liquidity position of a company. This is achieved by weighing the current assets against current liabilities (Kaminski

Environmental Issues and the Industrial Revolution Essay

Environmental Issues and the Industrial Revolution - Essay Example Checking all the angles and dimensions of a revolution is the name of the game, but Industrial Revolution analysts forgot to examine the most important of all dimensions – environment. Various sorts of pollutions such as contamination of water, ozone layer destruction, etc. are making headlines everyday, which is an alarming situation (Hobsbawm, 1999). Following are the three most environmentally negative impacts of the Industrial Revolution. Forests and Trees Demolition Due to the Industrial Revolution, deforestation is taking place, which has led to a very disastrous scenario. Forest trees and natural resources are consumed in the industries for production, thus demolishment of trees is taking place massively. Forests and trees are responsible for consuming the carbon dioxide gas and produce oxygen which is necessary and essential for human beings’ survival. Now because of deforestation, cutting of trees is making a colossal negative impact on the environment. Wildlif e is also immensely affected through it, which can lead to finish wildlife too (Mayumi, 1991). Contaminated Crops Lal (2004) illustrated that impure water waste which comes out from the industry either goes into the sea or in the fields, hence making crops and food items polluted and contaminated. Food items radically are not healthy enough, and it also spreads various diseases in humans. Most of the factories were established in the countryside with an idea not to pollute cities, but instead, it started polluting crops. Impure water wastage is the core reason of unhealthy fruits and vegetables availability in the consumer market and this situation prevails due to the unplanned Industrial Revolution. Air Pollution Industrialization gave humans beneficiary cars and motorbikes so that they could travel distances in minutes, but everything comes with a price; air pollution is the biggest price which humans are paying for this technological advancement. Air pollution has disturbed human beings in several ways and it is the major reason of the damage in the ozone layer. Due to impure gas exhaustion from the vehicles, air becomes polluted, causing diseases such as lungs cancer, asthma etc. Pressure horns of the vehicles mentally affect humans, which causes tumor and various mental diseases. Cities are affected the most due to air pollution (Seinfeld, 1986). Environmental Actions in U.S The Industrial Revolution effects were later discussed among individuals, environmentalists and analysts, who were quite distressed after watching tremendous destruction of the environment in the world due to this revolution. NGOs have taken this issue very seriously and demanded governments to set rules and regulations for environment protection. Consequently, various actions started in order to save the environment through 1880s, but in 1950s and later, these actions reached their peak due to the occurrence of various environmental issues. Therefore in 1970, Government of U.S had to come up with a refined environmental action legislation which intended to protect the environment of the country. This was a big move indeed, but its practical implementation throughout the country was the main issue. Industrialists were not pleased from the verdict as it brought several limitations on them (Dunlap & Mertig, 1991). Establishment of Laws Arbuckle and Miller (1976) demonstrated that the outrageous appeals from environmental act