The Strategic Direction For The Future Business Essay

The Strategic Direction For The Future Business Essay THE HONDA MOTOR COMPANY LIMITED has established in 24th September 1948. Honda has expansion to take a leading position in the field of motorcycle automobile and power product Japanese market was in the nuisance because of the shortage of money and fuel but JAPAN was still in require of basic transportation Honda utilise All rights booked. Honda manufacturing facility attract engine to a bicycle that create cheap and efficient method of transportation. HONDA HEAD OFFICE JAPAN In the global market the Honda is world largest engine manufacture and market leader in the motorcycle. Honda has been operating 120 manufacturing facility in 29 country and 167,234 people worldwide Honda has broaden whole over the world in the following market. Honda established in United States of America in 1959 by the name of American Honda motor company .inc. In Thailand 1964 Asian Honda motor company limited. The first market in the Europe in 1963 Honda (UK) limited recognized in the LONDON Honda found in the South America (BRAZIL SAO PAULO) in the 1971 by the name of Honda motor Brazil. By the late 1980 the only 25 year after the firm entered in the automobile industry. The key point of go in front the Hondas success is continuous innovation that was found by MR SOICHIRO HONDA had a great interest in automobile as basis today the Honda company stand as the 9th largest motor cycle manufacture in the world. The market share of the Honda until now 10.2 % and its ranked a no 5 in the UNITED STATES OF AMERICA. In 2006 Honda aircraft company begins the sales of the in Honda jet advance light jet .in the 2006 the Honda aviation company awarded by popular science magazines the winner of the publications 2006 aviation and space category The Honda Philippines begins the mass production their motorcycle plant Honda established subsidiary in Ukraine. New automobile plant in the Vietnam begins operation (civic) and flexible car at Brazil launched the cold wing airbag the first man market motorcycle with an air bag system .new company to conduct solar cell business established. In 2007 Honda sales it is going to launch low price hybrid and advance diesel technological in the near future .they were also voted as number one car manufacture in the world for the third period . 1.2 CURRENT MARKET POSITION In 2007 the price of fuel was high and the less efficient (US) economy but Honda reported 1%sales increased while its competitor including Toyota has reported double loss. Honda sales grow approximately 20% in 2007 year. Honda Nissan and Toyota were still not safe to the global financial crisis of 2008 as these company declined in the profits at the Beijing auto show Honda presented the LI NIAN 5-door niche bank and announced that they were looking to developed an entry level brand exclusively for the Chinese market similar Toyota SCION brand in the USA PRINCIPAL PRODUCT AND FUNCTION OF EACH SEGMENT Segment Principal product and services Function Motorcycle business Motor cycle terrain vehicles and personal motor craft and vehicle Research and development manufacturing sales related service Automobile business Auto and relevant parts Research and development manufacturing sales related service Financial service business Financial insurance services Research and development manufacturing sales and related services Power product and other business Power products and relevant part and others Research and development manufacturing sales and related services others GEOGRAPHICAL REGION TOTAL REVENUE IN MILLIONS IN 2007 Japan  ¥68,190 North America  ¥5,980,876 Asia  ¥1283,154 Europe  ¥1236,757 Other  ¥905,163 EMPLOYEE WORLD WIDE IN HONDA In whole over the world Honda had 144.785 employee in 2006 this number has increased in 2007 and reached at 167,231 in the Honda group. In 2007 the sale of Honda grew 11.9 percent compared in 2006. In the foreign market the sales grew 7.7 percentages on automobile and 9.3 percentage on the power product. Because of the world recession motorcycle market of Honda in the North America, Europe or in the Asian market is not grew real. Honda operating data in the percentage according to the business portfolio in the 2007 Business Percentage Motorcycle 13.44 Automobile 78.46 Financial 4.01 Power product and other 4.09 1.3 STRATEGY APPLIED BY HONDA COMPANY THE GLOBAL STRATEGY As Honda is global company and Honda Company has broaden whole over the world in America, Europe or in the Asia. The strategy is to maintain the competent supply the extreme quality of the product at low price worldwide customer and satisfied them. However also improve their quality to develop more in product and launched into the global market and commitment for the future. CORPORATE STRATEGY The Honda Company is includes four business- motorcycles, automobile, power and the financial business. In 1963 the Honda becomes the leader with the characteristics like extreme fuel economy, best safety product and driving more contentment. Honda proves their self not in Japan and US but it has proved worldwide. Motor business was the first business of the Honda because of the special interest of the MR HONDA in the auto mobile. Honda has operated lucratively in 28 motorcycle plant in the 21 countries as well as RD operation in the US, INDIA, ITALY, CHINA, GERMANY and THAILAND. Then Honda becomes the more popular than ever. The first power product lunched in the 1953 and has prolonged portable generator, out board engines, power carrier. The power products are produced at 11 plants in the 9 different countries. Honda is stretched it to the robot industry with ASIMO and Honda has reached on the sky after launched Honda jet and also providing financial services worldwide to improve the sales. ASIMO BUSINESS STRATEGY Honda business strategy is to RD compete in the competitive automobile industry .Honda always focus on the quality of the product ,durability and environmental and social issues, low fuel efficiency than other automobile industry in the market in the. Honda continuously creative and innovative technical foundation, these all strategy leads Honda slowly in the US and Europe at time of oil rate flatution and the world recession but Honda keep their RD strategy that will benefits people as well as company in the future. The dealership of the Honda is also one the strength. The innovation and the efficient service supply, manufacturing and distribution system is also a source of success in the global market. ACCORDING TO HONDA ANNUAL REPORT 2007 Global auto sales by company Sale in percentage General motor 13 Ford motor 10 Volkes wagon 5 Nissan motor 15 Honda motor 5 Toyota 12 Other 40 The world automobile market is captured by Asian brands in the US market .threats to the US car maker is the growing TOYOTA ,HONDA and NISSAN that are threatening strategy to the GENERAL MOTOR the world current largest car maker. The Honda motor competitor of all time whole over the world TOYOTA MOTOR, NISSAN HYUNDAI .FORD VOLKES WAGON and GENERAL MOTOR. OPERATIONAL STRATEGY Honda operational strategy is to satisfy their customer worldwide by customer or also keeping the high level of transparency in the operational level they also follow the law and the regulation to perform better their operational strategy according to the country where they want to do business. The Honda strategy is to look future forecast. The Honda operates worldwide market with the 167234 employees and associate to produce their service to 23million customer annually worldwide. INDIVIDUAL STRATEGY The individual strategy of Honda Company is to sell with happiness, produce by happiness, and buy with the happiness. Sell with the happiness means to make good communication with their dealer and. Produce with the happiness means manufacturing and RD and produce quality product whole over the world for their customer. Buy with the happiness means associate with their customer expectation whole over the world. 2 CURRENT MARKET SITUATIONS BY MACRO ANALYSIS The macro analysis examines opportunities and threats that exist in the environment. Both opportunities and threats exist independently of the organization. The SWOT ANALYSIS differentiates between a strength and weakness from an opportunity and threat. PESTLE and Porters 5 Forces have been regarded as two effective tools they are also known as the macro factors. 2.1 PESTEL ANALYSIS OF HONDA P POLITICAL In the 1965 the US was engage with the Vietnam in war. American represents the Honda 50 modal in the south Asian market because of the bad economic condition modal 50 was not so much success is was declined in the market. In the 2005 the interest rates in the Indonesia were rise because of the government improbability it effect inflation and rising the price of the gasoline in 2006 the government strategy remain same but suddenly the economy of the India were boost on that time the demand of the motorcycle were high their and the easy business rule and the tax regulation lead Honda to India than Honda start making the profit that was one of the strength of the Honda. E ECONOMIC Honda become wider its business in whole over the world (North America, Europe, and Asia) because of the world recession Honda loss their consumer heavily the other factor also influence like rising the price of fuel declined the demand for the automobile , motorcycle, and the power product . Because of the recession and the fluctuating gas price in 2007 Honda unit sales declined 18.2% in the North America. S SOCIAL CULTURAL Honda has 167,134 employees worldwide Honda has improve the employment for the local community in the North America, Europe and in the Asia. Since the recession is entered in whole over the world Honda is innovative and introduce new product in the market less cost and the best quality than China manufacturers they also have done research and development on to produce or launch less pollution vehicles in whole over the world. T TECHNOLOGICAL Technology is vital for competitive advantage and is a most important driver of globalization. Honda has utilising the information technology to control their world wide operation. On the production process the Honda motor is innovated since they have started automobile business. Honda is innovated in the auto fit machine and mass production, distribution, reduces cost also save time. On the marketing process Honda advertise on the news paper, Magazine. With the help of the internet (IT) they have displayed their upcoming modal on the different web site or encourage people trading on line. L LEGAL The parameters set for a business by a governing body like the legal implications in terms of products and services to be sold out, in terms of rules and regulations imposed on employment by law etc .china manufacturer start making problem to Honda .the chins manufacturer start making the motorcycle in the southern Asia to defeat Honda the economic condition of the south Asia was not good because of the recession or oil price fluctuation .the people were not buying the Honda motor cycle at the same time chins manufacturer start making the motorcycle on the very less price than Honda, to overcome this situation Honda launched new modal VAVE in the market with less price and high quality. E ENVIRONMENTAL the environmental problem like global warming, hole on ozone layer because of the pollution. Honda continuously research on the less emit ion of CO2 toxic waste to develop hybrid and electronic vehicle. They have also generated and implement less pollution diesel engine. 2.2 PORTERS FIVE FORCES ANALYSIS Porters five forces analysis helps to contrast a competitive environment of the organisation its also shown in the diagram description are as following. Threat of new entrants now a days the business environment is very competitive in whole over the world .ford is continuously, aggressively committing with the Honda or producing barriers to make maximum profit for the Honda in the market. Honda has also getting the problem in the distribution system in the USA rather than FORD because of the US government law and policies. 2. Bargaining power of Buyers Buyers are the customer of Honda always take care of the expectation their customer, as Honda is global company so the Honda always keep innovating, developing, researching and launching new product for the different age group for instance Honda launched air blade scooter in the Vietnam in 2007 to attract young people but in the 2007 Suzuki has also launched modal of Hayete scooter with same function like air blade but price was less than air blade so the customer preferred to buy Hayete scooter modal of Suzuki result the share price of Honda were shrink. 3. Threat of substitute products Brands like Yamaha motorcycle company Yamaha can be the best competitor for the Honda. Yamaha is also pioneered in the business of the motorcycle manufacturing, if the Yamaha make good quality than the Honda for instance R6 modal of the Yamaha is close substitutes of the Honda modal F4 if the Yamaha innovative or improve the quality and decline the price than Honda it can be very serious problem for Honda. 4. Bargaining power of suppliers Contract, raw material suppliers, the volume of the raw material providers would determine their supply capacity, supplier are very powerful. Honda always influence on to produce less price vehicle than other motor company like general motor, ford motor to compete in the market .supplier are very power full they can refuse to do work with the or they can switch their supply or start doing work with GM motor or the ford motor, in case Honda loss their key supplier it might be affect cost it could go up. 5. Competitive rivalry Its the business competition in between other company in the market in the automobile industry Honda has three bigger rival Honda have to compete with them like general motor, ford motor, and Toyota motor. these three rival of Honda always keep innovation research and development on their modal time to time to compete in the market for instance Honda introduce ACCORD modal in1976,after that the Toyota introduce the modal CAMRY in the market. At the same time general motor introduce MALIBU and ford introduced FUSION. Toyota. General motor and ford motor can replace Honda from the market .Honda have to improve their quality and should be more innovate to compete. 2.3 SWOT ANALYSIS HONDA STRENGTHS Highly aware brand name and the company stand on the 9 position on global scale with the 167000 employee and the associate. Honda has made outstanding relations with their suppliers, stake holder or with customer worldwide developing the manufacturing technology. Differentiation from other company like Toyota, GM motor ford economically. Environmental conscious they have launched hybrid cars or less emit ion diesel engines.. Since they have been start automobile business Honda motor is Innovative, and doing research and development to satisfy the need of the customer. WEAKNESS The Honda is global company Image of the company is more of a cool kind and not professional some time they stress a lot on to produce a low price automobile Its not global, focuses mainly on the UNITED STATES or the Europe. Has only one main hub and limited destination to do to business OPPURTUNITIES Since they started the business in the automobile industry they highly Target the major continents (SOUTH ASIA, AMERICA, and EUROPE) Honda has opening more hubs in key geographical areas as business units in the Vietnam china and India. Sales promotions and marketing on the global scale through different websites and different business magazines. THREATS Changing the government policies taxation policies in different countries fuel rate fluctuation world economic recession. Threat from the big brand in the global market like (GENERAL MOTOR, FORD, TOYOTA. These all creates competitive environment in global market for Honda motor. The Global economic recession, fuel price fluctuation worldwide and natural disasters like tornado hurricane. 2.4 KEY DRIVERS High quality, low price more safety feature like airbag etc. Honda motor organizational environment is very professional, they innovative the supply chain and the distribution system and the manufacturing system is the core competency. Personal research on the customer need in the global market. They have separate department to handle the customer complaint and the customer issue. 2.5 CORE COMPETENCY The core competency of the Honda motor is to launch their product in the global market with low price than other automobile company in the global market. 2.6 ORGANISATIONS STRUCTURE Reference http//world,honda.com/profile /organisation/ The Honda have supervise their operation from the Japan in whole over the world like in the china, Asia oceanic, Europe Latin America north regional sales operates from the Japan As Honda is a global organisation, the stake holder is customer their employee, business individual company, trading union. The position of their stake holder is very strong worldwide. Board of the director primary duty is to select qualified employee and associated or the CEO to run their operation very smoothly worldwide. The working environment of the Honda corporation is very friendly, good communication with employee and board of the director. Honda has continuously coordinated with internal and external manpower in board of director and auditors to perform well in the market. The Honda Corporation operate their four basic operations in the automobile motorcycle and power product and service part. 2.7 SYNOPSIS OF THE HONDA/SUMMARY The following report looks after the macro analysis of an organisation, and considering all these factors gives us the understanding of SWOT analysis of the organisation pestel analysis porter five forces and key driver and core competency. Based on this marketing analysis, Mr sosichiro Honda the founder of the Honda motor because of his great interest in the automobile. He has made a big global organisation to serve their product in whole over the world including American continent Europe and Asia. Honda gives respect individually, every employee give them chance to grow up them self and initiate. Initiate means the company encourage people to be creative. Honda motor is also described as the all the three HAPPINESS. BUY WITH THE HAPPINESS, PRODUCE WITH HAPPINESS, SELL WITH THE HAPPINESS. Honda maintain his position in the global scale they have done innovation since they have started Honda motor in 1948 and the consistency in the in the operations, manufacturing and supply worldwide. in the term of the advertise to spread awareness about their product time to time on different web sites and news paper, different business magazines Key factor to survive or compete in the global market fulfil the demand of their customer and make happy their stake holders. Honda proudly focus on innovation 3 STRATEGIC DIRECTIONS FOR FUTURE The choices of the company is launched more innovated product in the global market less pollution. Since they have launched less emit ion diesel engine for the air craft and hybrid car for the safe environment. Now the Honda strategy is to explore the business in the market or India and china and north America (brazil) because these two countries economy is grooving very fast so buying power the consumer is very high .now they have already launched so many automobile in the Indian market like less price Honda unicorn 150 cc engine, Honda dio, Honda eterno scooter and to be more innovated to produce more economical vehicle less pollution better feature and more safety for their consumer. Or they also advertising of their new product launching on the different web site or in the different magazine their strategy is to make people fully aware about their new products in the global market. Honda also gives the environmental training for employee and associate or develop more technology t o become a global market leader. 3.1 LIMIT RANGE OF CHOICES FOR FUTURE 3.1.1 Based on the competitive strategy Honda is global organisation its spread around the world it stand on the 9th place in automobile industry there are some outstanding company in the world of automobile also spread around the world like Toyota .general motor, ford, mercerizes, these all motor has made the very competitive environment for business in front of the Honda motor. According to the analysis of the section one and two the position of the Honda motor in the global market is better than the other company in the market in 2007 the Honda motor is reported 1 percent of growth in the time of world recession or fuel rate fluctuation in whole over the world all company like General motor, ford or other automobile company record very heavy losses on their sale on the global scale but Honda motor is innovated since they start automobile business. 3.2 RECOMMENDATIONS FOR HONDA After look at all the analysis of the organisation Honda should have to do the smart work to become the global leader. Honda is global company. The board of director and the associate have to select right person for the right job like the hire good and educated people to perform the in the organisation and the director of the Honda motor should have to perform their duty to control the quality and to develop more technology to perform in the manufacturing process or in the distributing process The risk management system prevent and addressed the different kind of the risk in the company like fuel rate fluctuation, world economic recession Natural disaster and the risk manage department, should have full knowledge how to make our organisation more profitable in the global market or how to overcome by this kind of risk. The Honda motor has the potential to become truly global leader if they spread their units of two wheeler countries like Australia and some African country. The information on the execution of the business by director .the time to time auditing should be done by senior management to have control on the manufacturing process or in the distribution process. The Honda motor is doing good business in whole over the world they get the good profit margin at the time world economic recession however the other company like Toyota, GM motor and ford motor got heavy loss in the sale. Honda motor have to be more innovative developed their technology in the manufacturing and to be continuing with the research and development. 3.3 THE SUPPORT OF THE RECOMMENDATION As Honda is global automobile organisation on this level the customer expectation are will reach on the top the Honda have to jam-packed the demand of the customer in the global market. Honda has the potential to become the global leader in the automobile industry. In the some parts the Honda motor was not did well at the time of world economic recession because of the less potentiality of the employees to in the so many areas like information execution and analyse the risk in the market thats why i recommend to Honda motor should select write employee and the associate for write job to become global leader in this competitive environment. And the Honda did not have the potential to analysis risk like economic recession, fuel rate fluctuation how to overcome and make profit in the global market. After the whole analysis of the report of the Honda motors (executive the top management) information execution was not performing well and the distribution system. i find the Honda should ha ve take care of all these fact to become a innovative and the true automobile manufacturer in the global competitive market.

Ancient Egypt: Old, Middle, And New Kingdom :: History Egypt Essays

Outline I. Thesis: Ancient Egyptians were the basis for many western traditions. Their influences are notable in art, architecture, and religion. II. The Old Kingdom A. Zoser, the first pharaoh.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. built the famed Step Pyramid   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. brought unity to Egypt B. Religion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. creation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. gods C. Art D. Downfall of the Old Kingdom III. The Middle Kingdom A. Pyramids B. Middle Kingdom religion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  1. Myth of Osiris   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  2. Similarties between the myth of Osiris and Christian beliefs C. Middle Kingdom art D. Downfall of the Middle Kingdom IV. The New Kingdom A. Valley of the Kings B. Shift in religion 1. Aton   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   2. Akhenaton C. New art form, naturalistic D. Downfall of the New Kingdom V. Conclusion   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The ancient Egyptians are considered among many to be the civilization upon which much of the western world's views and attitudes are based. Everything from religion, to architecture, to art has been handed down, generation by generation, to us in the present day. Although many of the ancient Egyptians' traditions have been modified or altered, the majority of their core principles remains constant. Yet, despite the ancient Egyptians' conservative nature, there were some changes within the infrastructure of their society. Throughout the ages known as the Old Kingdom, Middle Kingdom, and New Kingdom, there has been alterations to their religion, art, and architecture. Internal forces, as well as outside influences, have molded ancient Egyptian civilization. This paper will attempt to determine these forces which changed the Egyptians. Modifications of Egyptian life were subtle, but noticeable and significant nonetheless. Art, architecture, and religion will be the focus of this paper. Let us begin at the beginning, with the Old Kingdom.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Old Kingdom began in the year 2700 B.C. and ended 2200 B.C. The pharaohs, or kings, of this time include the third through the sixth dynasty, beginning with Djoser and ending with Pepi II. Djoser, who ruled from 2700 B.C. to 2650 B.C., changed his name to the more commonly known Zoser. It was Zoser who made the famed Step Pyramid, the first pyramid to be constructed.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Pyramids were erected for the pharaoh in the belief that it would serve as a stairway to the heavens, and allow the divine pharaoh to reach the Milky Way, or the Nile river in the sky. The pharaoh's afterlife was extremely dependent on a proper burial, as were the afterlives of those who served him; therefore, it was imperative that the pyramids be erected. These pyramids could not have been built through coercion or slavery, for such an architectural feat could only have been accomplished by a labor force of 70,000, and there is no possible way for a small group of rulers to force the people to labor day in and

religion :: essays research papers

St. Therese of Lisieux There are some people that find the great St. Teresa of Avila, the namesake of my Therese Martin, rather terrifying. When you get to know a little about her, she seems very charming and you begin to like her. Little Therese, on the other hand, has never been disliked and has never made anybody in the least afraid. She was characterized by a complete ordinariness and if it wasn’t for her being an exceptional person, she would be a â€Å"normal† woman. Nevertheless, her main significance lies in her spiritual doctrine, the method which she herself described as the â€Å"Little Way†. A large part of her appeal is that she made the astounding promise just before her death that she would spend her heaven doing good on earth, a promise which has been carried out by the performance of countless miracles, a good number of them miracles of grace. There are certain things about her that have to be overcome. One of these, which was not her fault, is her upbringing. The â€Å"saint of antimacassars† or â€Å"of the lace curtains† is one of the most astonishing of all the great saints. Therese’s â€Å"Little Way† of spirituality did not once permit her to have any ecstasies or visions. She made no prophecies. â€Å"She had nothing in the nature of a stigmata, nor did she wear any invisible ring, such as was put on the finger of St. Catherine of Siena." (Maynard, 290) Her life was so ordinary that when she lay dying, she heard two Sisters talking in the kitchen, saying that they wondered what the Reverend Mother would find to say about Therese went she sent out her obituary notices. Therese did experience the phenomenon of what is called second sight, but that is a known psychic symptom and has no necessary connection with holiness. If she was a mystic at all she belonged to that class which enjoys nothing more than union with God. The Martin family is known mainly for one thing: they all aimed at holiness. Therese’s father, Louis Martin, in 1847, when he was twenty-four traveled to the monastery of St. Bernard and applied for admission as a beginner. He was told that he did not know enough Latin, and was advised to return home and learn more before applying again. He went back to Alencon, his home town, and did study for a while, meanwhile carrying on his trade as a watchmaker.

Reading Moby-Dick as Ethnic Allegory Essay -- Moby Dick Melville Paper

Reading Moby-Dick as Ethnic Allegory At a time when images of the white settler conquering the "savage" frontier were prevalent in antebellum America, depictions of racial polarization and, alternately, co-existence among different ethnic groups had already begun to find expression in various artistic mediums, from painting to literature. Today more than ever, such works continue to elicit critical re-examinations where race relations, colonization, and literary representation are concerned. While many literary and cultural critics have proposed allegorical readings of political and religious natures, Herman Melville's Moby-Dick can also be read relatedly as an ethnic allegory, where particular scenes and images representing death or destruction illustrate Melville's uneasiness with how white expansionist attitudes are enacted often in tension with or at the expense of different ethnic peoples living within America's geographic borders. For these purposes, I would like specifically to examine Melville's rather unconvent ional portrayal of a non-white character such as Queequeg. The correlation between his anticipated and ultimate death and the calamitous demise of the Pequod , as a space which rearranges traditional structures of hierarchy and accomodates ethnic diversity, in the end, demonstrates Melville's indecisive anxiety between an imagined fantasy of an alternative social reality and the historical reality of American westward expansionism. First, allow me to be clear: At a simplified level, I call this an ethnic allegory because Moby-Dick both illustrates and confronts the ways in which "white" America expresses a desire for hegemonic control, symbolized in Ahab's ruthless quest for the white whale, at the same ti... ... Works Cited Berkhofer, Robert F. The White Man's Indian: Images of the American Indian from Columbus to the Present. New York: Vintage Books, 1979. Brodhead, Richard H. "Trying All Things: An Introduction to Moby-Dick. New Essays on Moby-Dick or, The Whale. ed. Richard H. Brodhead. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1986. Duban, James. Melville's Major Fiction: Politics, Theology, and Imagination. Dekalb: Northern Illinois UP, 1983. McIntosh, James. "The Mariner's Multiple Quest." New Essays on Moby-Dick or, the Whale. ed. Richard H. Brodhead. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1986. Melville, Herman. Moby-Dick. New York: Holt, Rinehart, and Winston, Inc., 1964. Yarborough, Richard. "Strategies of Black Characterization in Uncle Tom's Cabin and the Early Afro-American Novel." New Essays on Uncle Tom's Cabin. ed. Eric Sundquist. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 1986.

Health Effects of Air Pollution

Air pollution could affect the climate, the environment, and human health.   Among these areas, the health is the main focus of this paper (Thomson Scientific, 2005).Polluted air may contain one or more hazardous substances that affect human health.   The term of measurement for this is â€Å"particulate matter† or the number of particles of potentially hazardous substances as percentage of air.This includes a wide range of pollutants.   Examples of particulate matter includes road dust, diesel soot, fly ash, wood smoke, nitrates in fertilizers, sulfate aerosols, lead, and arsenic to name a few.The suggested Federal limit of an â€Å"average† of 50 micrograms of â€Å"particulate matter† per cubic foot of air in one year period is considered poor air quality {Gore, 2005).Health effects of air pollution could be short-term or long-term. Effects will depend on the individual’s sensitivity.   When it comes to the extent of harm, it usually depends on the total exposure to damaging chemicals. Short-term effects may include simple symptoms such as headaches, nausea and allergic reactions.These symptoms could lead to irritation of the eyes, nose and throat.   There are also severe cases which could lead to upper respiratory infections such as pneumonia and bronchitis.   It may be short-term but the effects are severe and will need more medical attention.   Air pollutants also have long-term effects which include lung cancer, chronic respiratory disease, and heart disease.These effects could even damage the brain, nerves, liver or kidneys.   According to the National Resources Defense Council, some 64,000 people in the USA may be dying prematurely each year from cardiopulmonary causes linked to air pollution (Gore, 2005).The most affected people were the children, and the elderly.   In addition, people with health problems such as asthma, hearth disease also suffer more when air is polluted. In 1995 study by the American C ancer Society and Harvard Medical School, air pollution accounts for about 300,000 premature deaths in USA each year (Gore, 2005).Children are one of the most affected by air pollution because they have not yet fully developed their immune system.   Simple cigarette smoke and smoke coming from exhausts of motor vehicles could be detrimental to them.Researchers have reported in their long study that children teenagers in Southern California were likely to have diminished lung function because of severe air pollution.   The study made by James Gauderman of University of Southern California and his colleagues was published in New England Journal of Medicine on 1,759 children ages 10 to 18 in a dozen Southern California communities.The study was concluded that the reason for the diminishing lung function came primarily from car exhaust.   It was found out that 7.9 percent of the 18-year-olds in the highest pollution areas had lung capacities that were less than 80 percent of what they should have been.Among those subjected to the least-polluted air, 1.6 percent had underperforming lungs. It was also reported that there were similar effects when children live in the home of a mother who smokes.   Estimated was half a million die prematurely every year in the United States as a result of smoking cigarettes (Gore, 2004).Just like children, elderly and people with health problems are most at risk in polluted air.     As people grow older, they encounter more and more health problems which could be aggravated by air pollution.   The exact impact may not be thoroughly understood but long term exposure may increase susceptibility to infections.Also to be taken into account is the duration of the exposure and concentration of the particulate matter in the air.   It is estimated that polluted air shortened the lives by an average of one to two years. In the great â€Å"Smog Disaster† in London in 1952, four thousand people died in few days due to hig h concentrations of pollution (Gore, 2005).There are many steps made to protect human health against air pollution.   American Lung Association is very active and recommends the use of heat recovery ventilator or an energy recovery ventilator remove stale polluted air (Gore, 2005).A treaty called Kyoto Protocol in 1997 entered as part of United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change made a great impact on reducing air pollution.   The treaty aims to reduce emission of dangerous gases such as carbon dioxide, methane and nitrous oxide by industrialized countries which affects the health of their citizens. One measure adopted in the treaty to reduce harmful discharges is creation of carbon emission (CO) credits.Those who failed to observe the restriction will be ordered to install necessary equipment to reduce the air pollution under pain of severe financial sanction or buy (CO) credits.The credits are like ordinary commodities.   They could sell to it to companies that f ind it difficult to comply with the emission restriction.   If the market value of the (CO) credit is higher than the cost of pollution reduction equipment, they will be forced to comply thus, reducing the air pollution that affects human health.According to reports, these (CO) credits are now being traded in the exchanges of Chicago Climate Exchange in the US, European Climate Exchange in United Kingdom, Nord Pool in Norway and PowerNext in France. (Palabrica, 2007).ReferencesPalabrica, R. (2007). Trading on climate change, corporate securities info.Philippine Daily Inquirer.Thomson Scientific (2005). Air pollution. Retrieved September 7, 2007 fromESI Special Topics. Retrieved on September 7, 2007 from http://esi-topics.com/airpolGore, P. (2005). Air pollution health effects. Retrieved August 7, 2007 from http://www.lbl.gov/Education/ELSI/pollution-main.html

Positive Impact of Woman Labor in Economic Growth Essay

Labor one of the particularors of business and serves as the source of competitive favor of variant countries in attracting foreign investors. alongside with sweat is the concept of productiveness which is the largest undivided component of stinting crop particularly for those grind intensive countries. Therefore, govern manpowert of various countries around the globe a handle enough focus on maintaining the vestibular sense condition of their comprehend mart in lodge to achieve glorious economic growth. still with the advent of globalization, the demand for laborers lengthy up to such point wherein the labor market has to accommodate woman on the jackpot of labor. But why is that so? Are there any benefits that hobo be derived from hiring a woman on a certain business bulletproof? This paper aims to identify the effects of womans magnetise to labor pool to economic growth as hale as the factor/s that contributed in order for such event to arrive in the labo r market.Relationship of cleaning woman Labor and Economic Growth sexuality bias in labor fury is a large factor to near of the countries especially in the Middle easterly wherein the labor pool is still existence dominated by men and disagreement and injustices to women is very much accepted into their society. But there are still those braggart(a) countries that welcome the entrance of women to labor long suit. resembling for instance in UK, women serve as one of the source of high productiveness and economic growth (Walby, 2002). For the past decades, UK is relatively stable in scathe of market success due to the improvement of the skills of their labor force and women made a meaning(a) contribution for the attainment of such impressive productivity and high performance.The indications of women like cosmos keen to details and always ask to take their time in order to attain the highest possible fibre better the efficiency and effectivity of UKs labor force. F urthermore, though women are physically imperfect as compared to men, they are more procreative when it comes to making planning and strategies on how to influence various problems concerning the benefit of the company or a business firms. This distinct characteristic of women serves as an avenue towards the improvement of the accurate labor pool of UK for the past years. Moreover, it was place that deficit in the labor force in the UK market come throughd a agency for the market system to accept the entrance of women into the labor force despite of the fact that women have fewer educational qualifications than men but this draw back on women was already settled by the limn young women.Women straight offadays compete at par with men in terms of attaining higher positions in the corporate manhood as they start to attain higher academic degrees. With this increase on productivity of labor force in UK industries started to kick in more income and becomes more profitable. Mor eover, internal end product is deemed to boost by the time happy women entered the labor force of UK. In this regard, it is light-headed that the first appearance of women to labor force did provide positive impacts on the economic growth of the province.This insight do not show that men are already slight efficient as compared to women, the point is, with the entry of women in the labor pool, the efficiency and effectiveness of men is further improved by the women. But with regards to physical productivity, still, men are still the one who dominates in the state area. Moreover, with the entrance of women in the labor force, flexibleness of the labor pool improves since there were some(a) tasks that only women can perform or requires the experiences of a woman. As a result, the productivity of the labor forces increase and so with the sinless economy.At the end of the day, the entrance of women to labor force increases the volume of domestic proceeds as more laborers can n ow be hired by domestic and foreign firms as well as the improvement on the quality of the products existence produced in the economy due to the internal characteristics of women like their keen attention to details provides lesser rooms for mistakes or errors. Moreover, those increases in the domestic production and higher quality of products go forth make the GDP of the country to increase which in return will improve the economic and social welfare of every laborers in the market.ReferencesWalby, S. (2002). The Impact of Womens Position in the Labor securities industry on Pay and Implications for UK Productivity. Retrieved March 28, 2008, from http//www.womenandequalityunit.gov.uk/publications/weu_pay_and_productivity.pdf

Marketing theory and concepts Essay

Every c be wither its sm alone or big, aim to meet the demand of their actual and potential nodes. In order for them to do this, they need to fol humbled some sort of surmise and construct. This assignment will be looking at the securities indus translateing theory and tradeing concepts which be portray in the handed- smoothen commercialize literary productions, and how they throw away bound coat in guiding refined demarcation merchandise get along. selling plays a vital usage not only in developing, producing, and betraying products or services, but withal in guiding recruiting labors and rearing capital. Although it can be state that successful enterprisers get selling in unusual trends. They mainly intrust on interactive grocery storeing methods, which is often communicated with devise-of-mouth rather than a much traditional selling mix. Entrepreneurs monitor the groceryplace through at large(p) networks rather than formalised market research, and generally train more entrepreneurial approaches to merchandise activities. However, depending on the employment model, a complex and formalised initial market research can be crucial for a successful market entry.There are umteen marketing theories that are used in traditional marketing literature such as Schumpeter (1934) who said that entrepreneurs proactively created probability, using innovative combinations which often included productive destruction of passive or lethargic frugal markets.According to Schumpeter the role of an entrepreneur is to innovate, and by doing this, you ply the economy from one equilibrium to an new(prenominal). This kind of trigger could come about from one or more introduction of a new product a new method of production the development of a new market the use of new sources of keen material, and the reorganisation of a new attention or its processes. He also distinguished amid the entrepreneur and the capitalist. Schumpeter agreed wi th the fact, that in practice an innovator could also actually be a capitalist.Another k right awayn theorist next to Schumpeter is Kirzner (1973) who said that entrepreneurs should make water a sense of alertness to identify the opportunities in the market and exploit them accordingly . He states Thepure entrepreneur, on the other hand, proceeds by his alertness to fall and exploit situations in which he is able to sell for high charges that which he can buy for low prices. Pure entrepreneur profit is the difference between the two sets of prices. The disc overy of a profit opportunity means the discovery of something obtainable for nothing at all. No investment at all is essential the free ten-dollar bill is discovered to be already within one is grasps (Kirzner, 1973, 48).The marketing concept has changed significantly over time. In forthwiths melodic phrase earth the customer is at the forefront, not all communication channeles in the past followed this concept, as the y placed other factors first rather than their customers this is shown as followsProduction orientated was the focus of the actual business and not the customer needs, as where this has now changed and we can see that it is more focused on customer needs.Production predilection is when the confederacy believe that they have a tiptop product, based on quality and features. Due to this intellection the attach to assume the customers will like it to. In todays market the customers decide as to what product they like.Sales Orientation is the focus where the company strikes a product or provides a service, and past sells or offers it to the target market. This causes problems, as consumers may not like what is being offered to them, which is why companies are make sure that they test their services out, to a itsy-bitsy group of the target audience.Market Orientation concept has not actually changed over time, it puts the customers first, as the companies try to understand the n eeds of the customers by using get research methods. These methods are consequently developed to make sure information from customers, are fed sanction to the company for them to see what the target audience are interested in .SMEs who may adapt the marketing concept or 4Ps do so in full rather than explicitly (Carson and Gilmore, 2000). Jaworski and Kohli, (1990) also commented on the limitations of the marketing concept (p15). Therefore, theSME approach is characterized by networking with stake flipers ken to customer needs (Gilmore, Carson and Grant, 2001 & heap and Wright, 2001). Which is characterized by the size of these firms and their closeness to customers, (Gilmore, Carson, ODonnell and Cummins, 1999) as well as inexpensive forms of marketing such as word of mouth (Gilmore 1999). It is vital for SMEs to set the 4Ps, target a market and position themselves, but how this is done and mean is an important issue as it helps guiding a small business to success.Differences between traditional market literature and variants produced during the 1960s were mainly attributable to the add-on of concepts popularized during that decade. For example, Cundiff and Still covered an analysis of the 4 Ps of marketing with the concept that marketing is a subsystem of business. (Cundiff, E.W., Still, R.R. 1976)The canonic principles of marketing are generally applicable to large and small businesses. market in SMEs has been accept as a problematic area for researchers for over 20 years (Chaston and Mangles, 2002 Siu and Kirby, 1998). SME marketing in practice is considered to be mainly done though networking (Gilmore 2001) or a combination of transaction, relationship, interaction and network marketing (Brodie 1997). Recently the use of Internet marketing (Chaffey 2000) or e-commerce (Rayport and Jaworski, 2001) has become popular in all types of businesses including SMEs. trade in practice in small firms seem to rely mainly on personal encounter networks (Hil l and Wright, 2001 Gilmore 2001 Brodie 1997) and is often driven by the particular way a omnibus does business. According to Gilmore (2001) marketing in SMEs is likely to be chaotic, informal, loose, unstructured, spontaneous, and reactive and conform to industry norms. Gilmore (2001) showed that as a result of networking there was a high level of communication between the SME manager and their competitors then what is ordinarily reported in the marketing literature as well as competing firms may be quite supportive of each other.Similarly, networking with customers usually involves building a relationship with one or two key individuals in those companies. If these individuals were to leave then the relationship the company would break (Gilmore 2001). SME owners must agnise thatbuilding relationships are vital to a companys success and they invest a big amount of time and effort in maintaining impregnable relations with regular clients (Gilmore 2001). The foundation and existe nce of an sound networking is concerned with maximizing marketing opportunities and ensuring the enterprises survival and development (Gilmore 2001).Something, which is more important, in todays world, is having a foot in the business market, which is constantly changing to meet customer needs. The tables have been turned on the fortunes of many long-established firms. Its believed that a majority of firms that are in trouble, and those that have failed recently, have done so because they have been let down by their own marketing. Traditional marketing is now being turned. The ideas of marketing and branding strategy that passed for customary wisdom before do not hold true today. A small but growth number of innovative firms have adopted tout ensemble new and differentiate approaches in marketing, reflecting a vindicated and unmistakable change in the global culture.In this era of globalisation and the Internet the consumer is behaving in a radically different way and is no lon g-dated vulnerable to the overworked ploys of marketing. The present times call for a new competition one that strays from the prescriptions that traditional marketing theory holds, that sometimes works in a way that it is counter to it and that lays focus on network-building and twist the customer above all else. Many undergo hands in corporate boardrooms are listless to these shifting sands and evolving trends, and are paying the price as a result.In general the basic principles and concepts of marketing are as relevant to SMEs as it is to larger firms, but some theories, tools and techniques of marketing are not as relevant or effective to SMEs. The nature of SME marketing is the concept, which is mainly dominated by the inherent characteristics of the entrepreneur and the SME itself. Although not all small business may take the marketing theories and concepts in to consideration, while carrying out some sort of market research they will have come a across them. They may have limited application in todays marketing world but they do provide the basis for which a business can start their research on which helps guiding them in to the marketing practice. Therefore marketing theories and Conceptsportrayed in the traditional marketing literature has limited application in guiding small business marketing practice although they give the business a rough base to start their market practice.Competition and Entrepreneurship, The University of Chicago Press, Chicago and LondonCarson, D. and A. Gilmore, (2000), marketing at the Interface Not What But How, Journal of selling Theory and Practice, Vol. 8Kohli, A. K. and B. J. Jaworski, (1990), The Construct, Research Propositions, and Managerial Implications, Journal of Marketing,(Gilmore, Carson and Grant, 2001 &Hill and Wright, 2001). Gilmore, A., D. Carson and K. Grant (2001), SME Marketing in Practice, MarketingIntelligence and Planning, Vol. 19(Gilmore, Carson, ODonnell and Cummins, 1999) Added value A Qualit ativeAssessment of SME Marketing, Irish Marketing Review(Cundiff, E.W., Still, R.R. 1976), Fundamentals of Modern Marketing, 2nd ed.)Chaston, I and Mangles, T. (2002) lowly Business Marketing Management.Siu, W. and Kirby, D.A. (1998) Approaches to small firm marketing A Critique. European Journal of Marketing, vol. 32, no.Brodie, R.J., Coviello, N.E., Brookes, R.W. and Little, V. (1997) Towards a Paradigm Shiftin Marketing? An Examination of Current Marketing Practices. Journal of Marketing Management,Chaffey, D., Mayer, R., Johnston, K. and Ellis-Chadwick, F. (2000) Internet Marketing. Prentice Hall, Harlow, EnglandRayport, J. F. and Jaworski, B. J. (2001) e-Commerce. McGraw-Hill, Boston, USA.Hill, J. and Wright, L. T. (2001) A Qualitative Research Agenda for Small to Medium-sized Enterprises. Marketing Intelligence and Planning,http//www.druid.dk/uploads/tx_picturedb/ds1998-9.pdfhttps//www.mises.org/journals/scholar/wood.pdfhttp//knight.fcu.edu.tw/gunning/subjecti/workpape/kirz_e nt.pdfBooksHandbook of Entrepreneurship Research and Interdisciplinary peck and Introduction By Zoltan J Acs, David B